The Publisher does not store the files when publishing to Intune, it creates the IntuneWin in a temp folder, uploads it to Intune, then deletes the temporary files.
You can enable an option which will allow you to extract the IntuneWin files from Intune, https://patchmypc.com/ui-intune-global-options#topic1. However downloading them will be a manual process.
If you'd like these files to be stored by the Publisher, I would recommend voting on, and leaving a comment for the following idea on our ideas portal: https://ideas.patchmypc.com/ideas/PATCHMYPC-I-1783
You can enable an option which will allow you to extract the IntuneWin files from Intune, https://patchmypc.com/ui-intune-global-options#topic1. However downloading them will be a manual process.
If you'd like these files to be stored by the Publisher, I would recommend voting on, and leaving a comment for the following idea on our ideas portal: https://ideas.patchmypc.com/ideas/PATCHMYPC-I-1783